對(duì)字畫(huà)的裝裱的大致步驟如下：
The general steps for mounting calligraphy and painting are as follows:
，方裁畫(huà)心。具體方法是將舊字畫(huà)平放在裁板上，以大尺板為標(biāo)裁下字畫(huà)心，當(dāng)然這也是對(duì)字畫(huà)心的校對(duì)方法。校對(duì)畫(huà)心要根據(jù)畫(huà)心壞損程度來(lái)進(jìn)行裁切。畫(huà)心的邊緣要留下2～4 公分邊，不要觸及到字畫(huà)的內(nèi)容。
First, Fang Caihuaxin. The specific method is to lay the old calligraphy and painting flat on the cutting board and cut the heart of the calligraphy and painting with the large ruler board as the standard. Of course, this is also the method of proofreading the heart of the calligraphy and painting. The proofreading of the painting heart should be cut according to the damage degree of the painting heart. The edge of the painting center should be 2~4 cm away from the content of the calligraphy and painting.
第二，揭書(shū)畫(huà)心。做法在于去掉舊的覆背紙和托紙，給書(shū)畫(huà)心換上一件“新衣服”，非常好地養(yǎng)護(hù)書(shū)畫(huà)心。
Second, uncover the heart of painting and calligraphy. The method is to remove the old backing paper and supporting paper, and replace the calligraphy and painting heart with a "new dress", so as to maintain the calligraphy and painting heart very well.
第三，托書(shū)畫(huà)心。書(shū)畫(huà)心的托紙背揭裱，補(bǔ)料一定要選用與書(shū)畫(huà)心色彩一致或略淺于該書(shū)畫(huà)心的色彩進(jìn)行托裱，以于能保留原作書(shū)畫(huà)的風(fēng)格。
Third, the heart of painting and calligraphy. The paper backing of the painting and calligraphy center shall be removed and mounted. The supplementary materials must be the same color as or slightly lighter than the color of the painting and calligraphy center, so as to retain the style of the original painting and calligraphy.
第四，全色。目的在于補(bǔ)全色彩。書(shū)畫(huà)中有空白的，呈現(xiàn)原有的筆觸因年代長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)而模糊不清、或斷筆缺字、畫(huà)中內(nèi)容不全等，就在全色這道工序中處置它們。這需求裝裱人員對(duì)各門(mén)派的藝術(shù)、筆觸特色有所知道。該環(huán)節(jié)對(duì)書(shū)畫(huà)的原貌的復(fù)原極其攸關(guān)。全色完后，整幅書(shū)畫(huà)要配上錦綾完結(jié)裝裱。古舊書(shū)畫(huà)能不從頭裝裱的盡量不要裝裱，多裝裱一次等于對(duì)書(shū)畫(huà)損壞一次。關(guān)于新的書(shū)畫(huà)，建議不要裝裱，應(yīng)就其原樣進(jìn)行保護(hù)，避免在裝裱過(guò)程中因操作不當(dāng)而損壞了作品。
Fourth, panchromatic. The purpose is to complement the color. If there are blanks in the painting and calligraphy, the original brush strokes are blurred due to the long time, or the pen is broken and the words are missing, and the content in the painting is incomplete, they should be disposed of in the process of panchrome. This requires the framers to know the art and brushwork characteristics of various schools. This link is extremely important to the restoration of the original appearance of calligraphy and painting. After the full color is finished, the whole painting and calligraphy should be finished and framed with brocade. If ancient paintings and calligraphies can not be mounted from the beginning, try not to mount them. One more mount is equal to one damage to the paintings and calligraphies. As for new paintings and calligraphy, it is suggested that they should not be mounted, but should be protected as they are, to avoid damaging the works due to improper operation during mounting.

字畫(huà)收藏，保留長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)，難免有的書(shū)畫(huà)遭受損壞，對(duì)其要及時(shí)修正，使其盡量回歸原貌，以延伸其壽命。在修正一件書(shū)畫(huà)時(shí)，，要仔細(xì)觀察，尋覓被損壞的病根，然后對(duì)其診治。假如書(shū)畫(huà)著作被泥土、蟲(chóng)屎污染，就用尖利的小刀將蟲(chóng)屎挖除，但不能切入過(guò)深，避免傷及書(shū)畫(huà)；在除泥土?xí)r，選用刀刮，假如泥土坐落色彩或墨跡之上，先沖刷，再選用刀刮去泥土。假如書(shū)畫(huà)心被油污污染，書(shū)畫(huà)心不必濕潤(rùn)，選用丙酮加乙醚混組成液，再用毛筆或棉簽蘸涂，用清水沖刷潔凈。高錳酸鉀溶液加草酸液也能除掉油污。假如書(shū)畫(huà)呈現(xiàn)霉斑，就用毛筆將0.5%的高錳酸鉀溶液涂改在霉斑之上，待溶液由赤色變?yōu)椴枭豢嚏姅[布，再涂改2%的草酸溶液，此刻，茶色會(huì)逐漸還原為白色，這時(shí)再用清水沖刷，一般的霉斑可除掉。在用化學(xué)藥水處置書(shū)畫(huà)心時(shí)，藥水濃度不能過(guò)大。假如霉黑較深，可選用百分之三的雙氧水來(lái)處置，這樣能夠除去大多部分的霉斑。
The collection of calligraphy and painting will be preserved for a long time. It is inevitable that some calligraphy and painting will be damaged. It should be corrected in time to make it return to its original appearance as far as possible to extend its life. When correcting a painting or calligraphy, first of all, we should carefully observe, find the root cause of the damage, and then treat it. If the calligraphy and painting works are polluted by soil and insect excrement, use a sharp knife to dig out the insect excrement, but do not cut too deep to avoid hurting the calligraphy and painting; When removing soil, use a knife to scrape it. If the soil is located on the color or ink, it is better to wash it first, and then use a knife to scrape the soil. If the painting and calligraphy heart is polluted by oil, the painting and calligraphy heart does not need to be wet. Use acetone and ether to form a mixture, then dip it with a brush or cotton swab, and finally wash it clean with clean water. Adding oxalic acid to potassium permanganate solution can also remove oil stains. If the calligraphy and painting show mildew, use a brush to paint 0.5% potassium permanganate solution on the mildew, wait for the solution to change from red to brown for a quarter of an hour, and then paint 2% oxalic acid solution. At this moment, the brown color will gradually return to white, and then use water to wash, and the general mildew can be removed. When treating calligraphy and painting heart with chemical solution, the concentration of the solution should not be too high. If the mildew is deep, 3% hydrogen peroxide can be used for treatment, which can remove most of the mildew spots.
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