When repairing ancient calligraphy and painting, how to remove the soft and fragile heart of rice paper painting from the "life paper" and "life paper" glued with paste?

在首都博物館的文物保護修復中心，技術人員向筆者展示了全新的技術成果——生物酶揭展古書畫技術。書畫裝裱專 家樓朋竹將一幅清末立軸水墨畫平鋪于修復臺，用毛刷蘸上兌入揭展劑的溶液，將畫紙完全淋濕浸潤。十分鐘后，她和同事將畫紙拉起，字畫裝裱zui底層的“禙紙”已自然脫落。工作人員再用鑷子輕輕揭起附著于宣紙后的“命紙”，輕輕一拉，整層“命紙”完好無損地分離，“畫心”安然無恙。整個過程不超過二十分鐘。對比另一幅采用陜西劉文西字畫收購傳統(tǒng)水潤法揭展的字畫，需要用清水浸透字畫，然后一點點撕開“禙紙”，再用手輕輕搓磨，“命紙”一綹綹地被搓碎脫落，“畫心”才會逐漸顯露。技術人員介紹，傳統(tǒng)揭裱一幅古書畫，有時需要幾個月甚半年之久，稍有不慎就會對畫面造成損傷。

At the cultural relics protection and restoration center of the capital museum, technicians showed the author a new technical achievement - the technology of exposing ancient calligraphy and painting with biological enzymes. Lou pengzhu, an expert in calligraphy and painting mounting, tiled a vertical axis ink painting in the late Qing Dynasty on the repair table, dipped it with a brush and mixed it with the solution of uncovering agent to completely wet the paper. Ten minutes later, she and her colleagues pulled up the painting paper, and the "paper" on the mounting Zui bottom of calligraphy and painting had fallen off naturally. The staff then gently lifted the "life paper" attached to the rice paper with tweezers, gently pulled it, and the whole layer of "life paper" was separated intact, and the "painting heart" was safe. The whole process does not exceed 20 minutes. In contrast to another calligraphy and painting that adopts Shaanxi Liu Wenxi calligraphy and painting to acquire the traditional water moistening method, it needs to soak the calligraphy and painting with clean water, then tear off the "paper" a little bit, and then rub it gently by hand. The "life paper" is broken and fallen off one by one, and the "painting heart" will be gradually revealed. According to the technicians, the traditional uncovering and mounting of an ancient calligraphy and painting sometimes takes months or even half a year, and the slightest carelessness will damage the picture.

宣紙是書畫zui常使用的材料，其質地纖薄，易破損。為了便于保護與收藏，書畫心背面通常會用糨糊托裱數層麻紙布帛等材料。經過長時間磨損后，如果要恢復古書畫原貌，則需重新裝裱和修復。整個修裱過程中，將“畫心”揭下來是zui重要的一環(huán)，也就是所謂的“揭展”技術。傳統(tǒng)工藝中，揭展畫心需要裝裱師傅具有豐富的經驗、精到陜西劉文西字畫鑒定的手法和非常大的耐心。2008年，首都博物館文物保護修復中心針對書畫揭裱過程中的關鍵問題展開研究，并于2012年承擔古書畫保護課題，在北京市文物局和北京科委的支持下，經過六年多的實驗研究，成功研制出應用于古書畫保護的生物揭展劑，使這個困惑人們的難題得以解決。

Rice paper is a material often used in Chinese calligraphy and painting Zui. Its texture is thin and easy to be damaged. In order to facilitate protection and collection, the back of the heart of calligraphy and painting is usually pasted with several layers of hemp paper, cloth and silk. After a long time of wear and tear, if you want to restore the original appearance of ancient calligraphy and painting, you need to re frame and repair. In the whole process of fixing and mounting, it is Zui important to take off the "painting heart", that is, the so-called "uncovering and Exhibition" technology. In traditional crafts, uncovering the painting heart requires the mounting master to have rich experience, proficient in the identification of Shaanxi Liu Wenxi calligraphy and painting and great patience. In 2008, the cultural relics protection and restoration center of the capital museum carried out research on the key problems in the process of uncovering and mounting calligraphy and painting, and undertook the topic of ancient calligraphy and painting protection in 2012. With the support of Beijing Municipal Bureau of cultural relics and Beijing Science and Technology Commission, after more than six years of experimental research, it successfully developed a biological uncovering agent applied to the protection of ancient calligraphy and painting, which solved this puzzle.

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