Ink may give a somewhat singular impression, but it is an essential item in ancient writing. With the help of this material, the fantastic and wonderful artistic conception of Chinese calligraphy and painting can be realized. The world of ink is not dull, but rich in content. As a consumable, ink that can be presented intact as before should be very precious.

在人工制墨發(fā)明之前，一般利用天然墨或半天然墨來做為書寫材料。墨的發(fā)明大約要晚于筆。史前的彩陶紋飾、商周的甲骨文、竹木簡牘、縑帛書畫等到處留下了原始用墨的遺痕。文獻記載，古代的墨刑（黥面）、墨繩（木工所用）、墨龜（占卜）也均曾用墨。經(jīng)過這段漫長的歷程，漢代，終于開始出現(xiàn)了人工墨品。

Before the invention of artificial ink making, natural ink or semi natural ink was generally used as writing materials. The invention of ink was probably later than that of the pen. The prehistoric decorative patterns of painted pottery, oracle bone inscriptions from the Shang and Zhou dynasties, bamboo and wooden slips, and silk calligraphy and paintings have left traces of primitive ink use. According to literature records, ancient Chinese ink punishment (tsingmian), ink rope (used in carpentry), and ink turtle (divination) were also used in ink. After this long journey, until the Han Dynasty, artificial ink products finally began to appear.

從制成煙料到完成出品，其中還要經(jīng)過入膠、和劑、蒸杵等多道工序，并有一個模壓成形的過程。墨模的雕刻就是一項重要的工序，也是一個藝術(shù)性的創(chuàng)造過程。 墨之造型大致有方、長方、圓、橢圓、不規(guī)則形等。墨模一般是由正、背、上、下、左、右六塊組成，圓形或偶像形墨模則只需四板或二板合成。內(nèi)置墨劑，合緊錘砸成品?？钭R大多刻于側(cè)面，以便于重復(fù)使用墨模時，容易更換。墨的外表形式多樣，可分本色墨、漆衣墨、漱金墨、漆邊墨。

From making cigarette materials to completing the production, there are multiple processes such as glue injection, mixing, and steaming, as well as a molding process. The carving of ink molds is an important process and an artistic creative process. The shapes of ink are generally square, rectangular, round, elliptical, irregular, and so on. Ink molds are generally composed of six parts: front, back, top, bottom, left, and right, while circular or idol shaped ink molds only need to be composed of four or two plates. Built-in ink agent, tightly hammer the finished product. The style is mostly engraved on the side for easy replacement when reusing ink molds. There are various forms of ink on the surface, which can be divided into natural color ink, lacquer clothing ink, gold wash ink, and lacquer edge ink.

畫的用墨也是很講究的。墨分“油煙”和“松煙”兩種，油煙墨用桐油或添燒煙加工制成；松煙墨用松枝燒煙加工制成。油煙墨的特點是色澤黑亮，有光澤：松墨的特點是色烏，無光澤。畫一般多用油煙，只有著色的畫偶然用松煙。但在表現(xiàn)某些無光澤物如墨蝴蝶，黑絲絨等，也好用松煙。

The use of ink in Chinese painting is also very particular. Ink is divided into two types: "oil fume" and "pine smoke". Oil fume ink is made by processing with tung oil or added burning smoke; Songyan ink is made by burning pine branches with tobacco. The characteristic of lampblack ink is its black and shiny color, while the characteristic of pine ink is its dark color and lack of luster. Chinese painting generally uses lampblack, and only colored paintings occasionally use pine smoke. But in expressing certain matte objects such as ink butterflies, black velvet, etc., it is also easy to use pine smoke.

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