字畫保管不妥是各種因素造的，如因季節(jié)更替產(chǎn)生的溫差變化，干、濕不勻，陽光紫外線輻射，環(huán)境空氣塵埃的污染等等，由此而發(fā)生蟲蛀、霉變、褪色等現(xiàn)象，使一幅完整的字畫面目全非，失去其藝術(shù)價值。如果我們了解到字畫容易受損的弱點，采取一些有效地防止措施，將會在一定程度上延緩其變舊破損進程，從而使字畫壽命延長，能保持其原貌。

Improper storage of calligraphy and painting is caused by various factors, such as temperature differences caused by seasonal changes, uneven dryness and wetness, ultraviolet radiation from sunlight, pollution of ambient air dust, etc. As a result, phenomena such as insect infestation, mold, and fading occur, making a complete calligraphy and painting completely unrecognizable and losing its artistic value. If we understand the vulnerability of calligraphy and painting to damage and take effective preventive measures, it will to some extent delay its aging and damage process, thereby extending the lifespan of calligraphy and painting and maintaining its original appearance.

收購名人字畫人員認(rèn)為，字畫，不論是立軸、屏、對聯(lián)、手卷、冊頁、還是扇面、斗方，基本上屬紙質(zhì)品和絲織品兩種，因為都含纖維質(zhì)，所以具有吸濕性。裝裱字畫用過的糨糊，含有蛋白質(zhì)和糖，這又是蠢蟲賴以生存的食糧。一幅字畫若不精心保管，就很容易遭受各種侵蝕，從而損壞變質(zhì)。

The acquisition of celebrity calligraphy and painting personnel believes that calligraphy and painting, whether it is vertical axis, screen, couplet, scroll, album, fan, or square, basically belong to two types of paper and silk fabrics, because both contain fiber, they have moisture absorption. The paste used for mounting calligraphy and painting contains protein and sugar, which is also the food for fools to survive. If a calligraphy or painting is not carefully preserved, it is easy to suffer from various erosion, leading to damage and deterioration.

凡收藏的字畫，好放在封閉的箱、櫥、柜內(nèi)，使字畫能擁有一個穩(wěn)定的有限空間，避免直接受侵蝕和污染。但這并不是說一旦放進去就萬事大吉，因為它還是會受到侵蝕的，保存久的畫被蟲蛀是常見的一種毀壞現(xiàn)象。

All collected calligraphy and paintings should be placed in closed boxes, cabinets, and cabinets to provide a stable and limited space for calligraphy and paintings, avoiding direct erosion and pollution. But this does not mean that once put in, everything will be fine, because it will still be eroded, and it is a common phenomenon of damage for paintings that have been preserved for a long time to be eaten by insects.

這種蛀蟲，人們常稱“蠢”蟲，呈灰白色，身體短小。大約每年五月左右，隨著溫度的升高，蠢蟲也大量繁殖。防止的辦法，可用樟腦丸或上海產(chǎn)的樟腦精塊等類藥物驅(qū)蟲。

This type of moth, often referred to as a "stupid" worm, is grayish white and has a short body. Around May every year, as the temperature increases, foolish insects also breed in large numbers. The method of prevention can be treated with drugs such as camphor pills or camphor essence blocks produced in Shanghai.

這種樟腦藥主要通過其自然揮發(fā)出特殊的氣味來防蟲，具有較好的驅(qū)蟲效果。使用時可以將樟腦藥放在收藏字畫的周圍。此藥一年之中好分期放二次，次在34月，第二次在1011月，這樣防蟲效果更好。

This camphor medicine mainly uses its natural volatilization to emit a special odor to prevent insects, and has good insect repellent effects. When using, camphor medicine can be placed around the collection of calligraphy and paintings. This medicine can be used twice a year in stages, the first time from March to April, and the second time from October to November, which has better pest control effects.

在箱、櫥、柜內(nèi)的字畫除放藥外，還要做到勤翻動，及時不潔之物。每隔半年左右就要展開看看，特別是梅雨季節(jié)過去之后，好能分批將字畫取出來掛幾天這稱為“晾畫”，這樣能有效地防止字畫生霉。

In addition to placing medicine, calligraphy and paintings in boxes, cabinets, and cabinets should also be frequently flipped and unclean objects should be removed in a timely manner. Every six months or so, it is necessary to take a look, especially after the rainy season, so that the calligraphy and painting can be taken out in batches and hung for a few days. This is called "hanging the painting", which can effectively prevent the calligraphy and painting from getting moldy.

霉菌在潮濕、溫暖和黑暗條件下易繁殖，因此，字畫的貯藏空間，溫暖應(yīng)保持在14℃~20℃左右，相對濕度在50~60%。因為室內(nèi)相對濕度偏高，容易引起紙張受潮而滋長霉菌。

Mold is prone to reproduction under humid, warm, and dark conditions. Therefore, the storage space for calligraphy and painting should be kept warm at around 14 ℃ -20 ℃, and the relative humidity should be between 50% and 60%. Due to high indoor relative humidity, it is easy to cause paper to become damp and grow mold.

而太干燥又容易引起字畫的翹曲變脆，一般的家庭遇天氣干燥時，可常用濕墩布拖地，或在房內(nèi)放盆水，天氣潮濕時，尤其在雨季，盡量少開窗戶，這樣可以使房間的濕度得到相應(yīng)的控制。

However, being too dry can easily cause calligraphy and paintings to warp and become brittle. When the weather is dry, ordinary families can often use wet mops to mop the floor or put basin water in the room. When the weather is humid, especially in the rainy season, try to open fewer windows as much as possible to control the humidity of the room accordingly.

長期懸掛在外面的字面，會受到太陽紫外線的輻射，使字畫顏色褪淡，字跡模糊，發(fā)生纖維的老化、變脆。因此，一般不要將珍貴的字畫長期地掛在廳室里，更不要掛在太陽能直射到的壁上。應(yīng)掛一段時間再收藏起來，若字畫數(shù)量多，則可以采取輪流懸掛的辦法，這樣做，既能展開收藏字畫的不同風(fēng)格，欣賞佳作，又能延緩老化變色過程。

Long term hanging words on the outside will be exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation, causing the color of the calligraphy and painting to fade, the handwriting to become blurry, and the fibers to age and become brittle. Therefore, it is generally not advisable to hang precious calligraphy and paintings in the hall for a long time, let alone on walls that are directly exposed to solar energy. It should be hung for a period of time before being collected. If there are a large number of calligraphy and paintings, the method of rotating hanging can be adopted. This can not only expand the different styles of calligraphy and painting collection, appreciate the masterpiece, but also delay the aging and discoloration process.

塵埃也是字畫的大敵之一。掛在墻上，或存放在箱、柜中的字畫，同樣會受到塵埃的影響，細(xì)小的塵埃沾在字畫表面，遇到一定的濕度，它能成為不潔凈的小顆粒，等小顆粒的水分蒸發(fā)，會在畫面上留下黃色斑點。

Dust is also one of the great enemies of calligraphy and painting. Calligraphy and paintings that are hung on walls or stored in boxes or cabinets are also affected by dust. Small particles of dust stick to the surface of the calligraphy and paintings, and when exposed to certain humidity, they can become unclean small particles. When the moisture of small particles evaporates, they will leave yellow spots on the screen.

除此之外，對字畫保護還應(yīng)注意，在欣賞觀看時，不要用手指指點點接觸畫面，唾沫沾染。展開和收卷時不要將畫折壞留下折痕，因收藏的字畫由于年久而變得較脆，容易弄折裂，所以一般不要隨便動手，就是收、拿、卷、掛等動作，也一定要格外小心，做到輕手輕腳。更多事項就來我們網(wǎng)站http://www.tz998.com咨詢！

In addition, attention should also be paid to the protection of calligraphy and painting. When appreciating and watching, do not touch the screen with your fingers or get contaminated with saliva. When unfolding and rewinding, do not break or leave creases on the paintings. As the collected calligraphy and paintings become brittle due to age and are prone to cracking, it is generally not advisable to use hands casually, such as retracting, holding, rolling, hanging, etc., and must also be extra careful to be gentle with your hands and feet. For more information, come to our website http://www.tz998.com consulting service