Sketch is the main way for painters to go deep into life and collect materials, as well as the main means to observe and understand the structure and ecological characteristics of objects. The main way of flower and bird painting is line drawing.

1.寫生的工具

1. Tools for sketching

寫生前，應(yīng)準備寫生夾一個，自制或文具店出售的均可，大小以放得下4開紙為宜，再配以鐵夾4只。還需準備H~3B五個型號的鉛筆數(shù)支（或鋼筆、繪圖直線筆）、橡皮數(shù)塊、美工刀一把、素描紙數(shù)張（裁成4開備用）、折疊小凳一只、速寫本一本。如果條件允許，可備一架照相機，用來選取大場面或局部特寫，亦可用來記錄色彩。

Before you write, you should prepare a sketch clip, which can be made by yourself or sold in a stationery store. The size should be suitable for four sheets of paper, and four iron clips should be used. In addition, several pencils (or pens, drawing linear pens), several rubbers, a art knife, several pieces of sketch paper (cut into four pieces for standby), a folding stool and a sketch book of five models of H~3B shall be prepared. If conditions permit, a camera can be prepared to select large scenes or local close-up, or to record colors.

2.寫生的方法

2. Method of sketching

初學(xué)寫生的人剛步入大自然，往往會被那些千姿百態(tài)、錯綜復(fù)雜的自然景物弄得眼花繚亂，從而產(chǎn)生一種興奮感和把全部景物都描繪下來的欲望。如果這樣照搬自然來寫生，往往會吃力不討好，畫出來的寫生稿對以后的創(chuàng)作沒有多少參考價值。

The beginner of sketching has just entered the nature, and is often dazzled by the various and complicated natural scenes, resulting in a sense of excitement and desire to describe all the scenes. If you draw from nature in this way, you will often find it hard to please. The sketched manuscript has little reference value for future creation.

寫生時，要選擇入畫的角度。寫生前，要對所畫對象進行、深入的觀察，選擇能體現(xiàn)對象美感、有利于表現(xiàn)對象結(jié)構(gòu)變化和透視關(guān)系的角度來畫。

When sketching, you should first choose the angle of painting. Before writing, you should make a comprehensive and in-depth observation of the painted objects, and choose an angle that can reflect the aesthetic feeling of the objects and is conducive to the expression of the structural changes and perspective relationship of the objects.

其次，要精心地取舍。選取能體現(xiàn)對象結(jié)構(gòu)特征和精神面貌的典型部分進行寫生，舍棄那些不美的、重復(fù)的、多余的東西。

Secondly, we should make careful choices. Select the typical parts that can reflect the structural characteristics and spiritual outlook of the object for sketching, and discard those ugly, repetitive and redundant things.

工筆寫生主要是用線來畫，不能像西畫那樣強調(diào)塊面、色調(diào)和光影。要把看到的立體物象提煉成線，并把這些線準確地落到紙上。這對初學(xué)者來說可能有點兒困難，但寧可畫得慢一些，也要畫穩(wěn)、畫準。畫得多了，自然會手眼相應(yīng)，速度也就快了。

Fine brushwork mainly uses lines to draw, instead of emphasizing block surface, tone and light and shadow like western painting. The three-dimensional objects and images you see should be refined into lines, and these lines should be accurately placed on the paper. This may be a little difficult for beginners, but they would rather draw slowly, but also draw steadily and accurately. The more you draw, the faster you will be.

寫生要以收集素材為主要目的，因此應(yīng)盡量做到真實、準確。寫生時，宜按與實物同等的比例作畫，這樣做易于比較，易于正確掌握各物象之間的比例關(guān)系。在畫對象的姿態(tài)和整體時，還要用局部特寫的方法做一些細節(jié)記錄，如禽鳥的羽毛、爪、喙和花瓣、花萼、花蕊、一組葉子，以及葉子與枝干之間的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系等。這樣可以節(jié)省寫生的時間。

The main purpose of sketching is to collect materials, so it should be true and accurate as far as possible. When sketching, it is better to draw in the same proportion as the real object, so that it is easy to compare and correctly master the proportion relationship between objects. When painting the posture and the whole of the object, we should also use the method of local close-up to make some detailed records, such as birds' feathers, claws, beaks and petals, calyx, stamens, a group of leaves, and the structural relationship between leaves and branches. This can save time in sketching.

在一般情況下，工筆寫生是白描稿，沒有色彩，但可以用文字標注出各部位應(yīng)用的色彩。當然，也可以直接用顏料做色彩記錄。

In general, fine brushwork is a line drawing, which has no color, but can be marked with words to indicate the color applied to each part. Of course, you can also directly use paint to make color records.

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