1. Tools for sketching

寫生前，應準備寫生夾一個，自制或文具店出售的均可，大小以放得下4開紙為宜，再配以鐵夾4只。還需準備H~3B五個型號的鉛筆數(shù)支（或鋼筆、繪圖直線筆）、橡皮數(shù)塊、美工刀一把、素描紙數(shù)張（裁成4開備用）、折疊小凳一只、速寫本一本。如果條件允許，可備一架照相機，用來選取大場面或局部特寫，亦可用來記錄色彩。

Before writing, you should prepare a sketch clip, which can be self-made or sold in a stationery store. The size is appropriate to fit 4 pieces of paper, and then 4 iron clips. It is also necessary to prepare several pencils (or pens and drawing straight-line pens) of five models H ~ 3b, several rubber blocks, an art knife, several sheets of sketch paper (cut into 4 for standby), a folding stool and a sketch book. If conditions permit, a camera can be prepared to select large scenes or local close-up, or to record colors.

2.寫生的方法

2. Sketch method

初學寫生的人剛步入大自然，往往會被那些千姿百態(tài)、錯綜復雜的自然景物弄得眼花繚亂，從而產(chǎn)生一種興奮感和把全部景物都描繪下來的欲望。如果這樣照搬自然來寫生，往往會吃力不討好，畫出來的寫生稿對以后的創(chuàng)作沒有多少參考價值。

People who have just entered nature for the first time will often be dazzled by those diverse and complex natural scenery, resulting in a sense of excitement and a desire to describe all the scenery. If you copy nature in this way, it will often be thankless. The sketch draft drawn has little reference value for future creation.

寫生時，要選擇入畫的角度。寫生前，要對所畫對象進行、深入的觀察，選擇能體現(xiàn)對象美感、有利于表現(xiàn)對象結(jié)構(gòu)變化和透視關系的角度來畫。

When sketching from life, we should first choose the angle of painting. Before writing, we should make a comprehensive and in-depth observation of the painted object, and choose the angle that best reflects the beauty of the object and is most conducive to the structural change and perspective relationship of the object.

其次，要精心地取舍。選取能體現(xiàn)對象結(jié)構(gòu)特征和精神面貌的典型部分進行寫生，舍棄那些不美的、重復的、多余的東西。

Secondly, we should make careful choices. Select the typical parts that can reflect the structural characteristics and mental outlook of the object for sketching, and abandon those ugly, repetitive and redundant things.

工筆寫生主要是用線來畫，不能像西畫那樣強調(diào)塊面、色調(diào)和光影。要把看到的立體物象提煉成線，并把這些線準確地落到紙上。這對初學者來說可能有點兒困難，但寧可畫得慢一些，也要畫穩(wěn)、畫準。畫得多了，自然會手眼相應，速度也就快了。

Meticulous sketching mainly uses lines to draw, and cannot emphasize block surface, tone and light and shadow like western painting. We should refine the three-dimensional images we see into lines, and accurately drop these lines on the paper. This may be a little difficult for beginners, but they would rather draw slowly than steadily and accurately. If you draw more, your hands and eyes will naturally correspond, and the speed will be faster.

寫生要以收集素材為主要目的，因此應盡量做到真實、準確。寫生時，宜按與實物同等的比例作畫，這樣做易于比較，易于正確掌握各物象之間的比例關系。在畫對象的姿態(tài)和整體時，還要用局部特寫的方法做一些細節(jié)記錄，如禽鳥的羽毛、爪、喙和花瓣、花萼、花蕊、一組葉子，以及葉子與枝干之間的結(jié)構(gòu)關系等。這樣可以節(jié)省寫生的時間。

The main purpose of sketching is to collect materials, so it should be true and accurate as far as possible. When sketching, it is appropriate to draw in the same proportion as the real object, which is easy to compare and correctly grasp the proportional relationship between various objects. When painting the posture and the whole of the object, we should also use the method of local close-up to record some details, such as the feathers, claws, beaks and petals, calyx, stamens, a group of leaves, and the structural relationship between leaves and branches. This can save time in sketching.

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